feat: optimize Docker build with multi-stage deps and npm retry config

.github/workflows/docker-build.yml

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ jobs:
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
           cache-from: type=gha
           cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          build-args: |
+            BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE=1
+          provenance: false
 
   # Nginx build commented out until Phase 2
   # build-nginx: