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# BMAD Workflow Creation Guide
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Create structured, repeatable workflows for human-AI collaboration in BMAD v6.
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## Table of Contents
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1. [Quick Start](#quick-start)
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2. [Core Concepts](#core-concepts)
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3. [Workflow Structure](#workflow-structure)
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4. [Writing Instructions](#writing-instructions)
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5. [Templates and Variables](#templates--variables)
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6. [Flow Control](#flow-control)
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7. [Validation](#validation)
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8. [Examples](#examples)
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9. [Best Practices](#best-practices)
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10. [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
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## Quick Start
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### Minimal Workflow (3 minutes)
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Create a folder with these files:
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```yaml
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# workflow.yaml (REQUIRED)
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name: 'my-workflow'
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description: 'What this workflow does'
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installed_path: '{project-root}/bmad/module/workflows/my-workflow'
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template: '{installed_path}/template.md'
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instructions: '{installed_path}/instructions.md'
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default_output_file: '{output_folder}/output.md'
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```
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```markdown
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# template.md
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# {{project_name}} Output
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{{main_content}}
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```
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```markdown
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# instructions.md
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<critical>The workflow execution engine is governed by: {project_root}/bmad/core/tasks/workflow.md</critical>
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<critical>You MUST have already loaded and processed: workflow.yaml</critical>
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<workflow>
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<step n="1" goal="Generate content">
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Create the main content for this document.
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<template-output>main_content</template-output>
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</step>
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</workflow>
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```
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That's it! To execute, tell the BMAD agent: `workflow my-workflow`
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## Core Concepts
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### Tasks vs Workflows
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| Aspect | Task | Workflow |
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| -------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------- |
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| **Purpose** | Single operation | Multi-step process |
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| **Format** | XML in `.md` file | Folder with YAML config |
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| **Location** | `/src/core/tasks/` | `/bmad/*/workflows/` |
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| **User Input** | Minimal | Extensive |
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| **Output** | Variable | Usually documents |
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### Workflow Types
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1. **Document Workflows** - Generate PRDs, specs, architectures
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2. **Action Workflows** - Refactor code, run tools, orchestrate tasks
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3. **Interactive Workflows** - Brainstorming, meditations, guided sessions
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4. **Autonomous Workflows** - Run without human input (story generation)
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5. **Meta-Workflows** - Coordinate other workflows
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## Workflow Structure
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### Required Files
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```
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my-workflow/
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└── workflow.yaml # REQUIRED - Configuration
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```
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### Optional Files
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```
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my-workflow/
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├── template.md # Document structure
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├── instructions.md # Step-by-step guide
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├── checklist.md # Validation criteria
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└── [data files] # Supporting resources
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```
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### workflow.yaml Configuration
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```yaml
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# Basic metadata
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name: 'workflow-name'
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description: 'Clear purpose statement'
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# Paths
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installed_path: '{project-root}/bmad/module/workflows/name'
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template: '{installed_path}/template.md' # or false
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instructions: '{installed_path}/instructions.md' # or false
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validation: '{installed_path}/checklist.md' # optional
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# Output
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default_output_file: '{output_folder}/document.md'
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# Advanced options
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autonomous: true # Skip user checkpoints
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recommended_inputs: # Expected input docs
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- input_doc: 'path/to/doc.md'
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```
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### Common Patterns
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**Full Document Workflow** (most common)
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- Has: All 4 files
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- Use for: PRDs, architectures, specs
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**Action Workflow** (no template)
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- Has: workflow.yaml + instructions.md
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- Use for: Refactoring, tool orchestration
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**Autonomous Workflow** (no interaction)
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- Has: workflow.yaml + template + instructions
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- Use for: Automated generation
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## Writing Instructions
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### Basic Structure
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```markdown
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# instructions.md
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<critical>The workflow execution engine is governed by: {project_root}/bmad/core/tasks/workflow.md</critical>
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<critical>You MUST have already loaded and processed: workflow.yaml</critical>
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<workflow>
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<step n="1" goal="Clear goal statement">
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Instructions for this step.
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<template-output>variable_name</template-output>
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</step>
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<step n="2" goal="Next goal" optional="true">
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Optional step instructions.
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<template-output>another_variable</template-output>
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</step>
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</workflow>
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```
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### Step Attributes
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- `n="X"` - Step number (required)
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- `goal="..."` - What the step accomplishes (required)
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- `optional="true"` - User can skip
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- `repeat="3"` - Repeat N times
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- `if="condition"` - Conditional execution
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### Content Formats
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**Markdown Format** (human-friendly):
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```xml
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<step n="1" goal="Define goals">
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Write 1-3 bullet points about project success:
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- User outcomes
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- Business value
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- Measurable results
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<template-output>goals</template-output>
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</step>
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```
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**XML Format** (precise control):
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```xml
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<step n="2" goal="Validate input">
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<action>Load validation criteria</action>
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<check>If validation fails:</check>
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<goto step="1">Return to previous step</goto>
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<template-output>validated_data</template-output>
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</step>
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```
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## Templates and Variables
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### Variable Syntax
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```markdown
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# template.md
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# {{project_name}} Document
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## Section
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{{section_content}}
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_Generated on {{date}}_
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```
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### Variable Sources
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1. **workflow.yaml** - Config values
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2. **User input** - Runtime values
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3. **Step outputs** - `<template-output>` tags
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4. **System** - Date, paths, etc.
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### Naming Convention
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- Use snake_case: `{{user_requirements}}`
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- Be descriptive: `{{primary_user_journey}}` not `{{puj}}`
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## Flow Control
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### Sub-Steps
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```xml
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<step n="3" goal="Process items">
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<step n="3a" title="Gather data">
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<action>Collect information</action>
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</step>
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<step n="3b" title="Analyze">
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<action>Process collected data</action>
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<template-output>analysis</template-output>
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</step>
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</step>
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```
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### Repetition
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```xml
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<!-- Fixed repetitions -->
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<step n="4" repeat="3">
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<action>Generate example {{iteration}}</action>
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</step>
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<!-- Conditional repetition -->
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<step n="5" repeat="until-approved">
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<action>Generate content</action>
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<ask>Satisfactory? (y/n)</ask>
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</step>
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<!-- For-each repetition -->
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<step n="6" repeat="for-each-epic">
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<action>Define epic {{epic_name}}</action>
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</step>
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```
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### Branching and Goto
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```xml
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<step n="7" goal="Validate">
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<action>Check requirements</action>
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<check>If incomplete:</check>
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<goto step="2">Return to gathering</goto>
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<check>If complete:</check>
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<continue>Proceed</continue>
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</step>
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```
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### Loops
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```xml
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<step n="8" goal="Refine">
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<loop max="5">
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<action>Generate solution</action>
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<check>If criteria met:</check>
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<break>Exit loop</break>
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</loop>
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</step>
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```
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### Common XML Tags
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**Execution:**
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- `<action>` - Required action
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- `<check>` - Conditional check
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- `<ask>` - User prompt
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- `<goto>` - Jump to step
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- `<invoke-workflow>` - Call another workflow
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**Output:**
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- `<template-output>` - Save checkpoint
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- `<elicit-required/>` - Trigger AI enhancement
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- `<critical>` - Important info
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- `<example>` - Show example
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## Validation
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### checklist.md Structure
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```markdown
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# Validation Checklist
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## Structure
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- [ ] All sections present
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- [ ] No placeholders remain
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- [ ] Proper formatting
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## Content Quality
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- [ ] Clear and specific
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- [ ] Technically accurate
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- [ ] Consistent terminology
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## Completeness
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- [ ] Ready for next phase
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- [ ] Dependencies documented
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- [ ] Action items defined
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```
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### Making Criteria Measurable
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❌ `- [ ] Good documentation`
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✅ `- [ ] Each function has JSDoc comments with parameters and return types`
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## Examples
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### Document Generation
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```xml
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<workflow>
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<step n="1" goal="Gather context">
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Load existing documents and understand project scope.
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<template-output>context</template-output>
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</step>
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<step n="2" goal="Define requirements">
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Create functional and non-functional requirements.
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<template-output>requirements</template-output>
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<elicit-required/>
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</step>
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<step n="3" goal="Validate">
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Check requirements against goals.
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<template-output>validated_requirements</template-output>
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</step>
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</workflow>
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```
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### Action Workflow
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```xml
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<workflow>
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<step n="1" goal="Analyze codebase">
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<action>Find all API endpoints</action>
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<action>Identify patterns</action>
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</step>
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<step n="2" goal="Refactor">
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<repeat for-each="endpoint">
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<action>Update to new pattern</action>
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</repeat>
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</step>
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<step n="3" goal="Verify">
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<action>Run tests</action>
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<check>If tests fail:</check>
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<goto step="2">Fix issues</goto>
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</step>
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</workflow>
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```
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### Meta-Workflow
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```xml
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<workflow name="greenfield-app">
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<step n="1" goal="Discovery">
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<invoke-workflow>product-brief</invoke-workflow>
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<template-output>brief</template-output>
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</step>
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<step n="2" goal="Requirements">
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<invoke-workflow input="{{brief}}">prd</invoke-workflow>
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<template-output>prd</template-output>
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</step>
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<step n="3" goal="Architecture">
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<invoke-workflow input="{{prd}}">architecture</invoke-workflow>
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<template-output>architecture</template-output>
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</step>
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</workflow>
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```
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## Best Practices
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### Design Principles
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1. **Keep steps focused** - Single goal per step
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2. **Limit scope** - 5-10 steps maximum
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3. **Build progressively** - Start simple, add detail
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4. **Checkpoint often** - Save after major sections
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5. **Make sections optional** - Let users skip when appropriate
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### Instruction Guidelines
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1. **Be specific** - "Write 1-2 paragraphs" not "Write about"
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2. **Provide examples** - Show expected output format
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3. **Set limits** - "3-5 items maximum"
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4. **Explain why** - Context helps AI make better decisions
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### Common Pitfalls
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- **Missing critical headers** - Always include workflow engine references
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- **Variables not replaced** - Ensure names match exactly
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- **Too many steps** - Combine related actions
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- **No checkpoints** - Add `<template-output>` tags
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- **Vague instructions** - Be explicit about expectations
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## Troubleshooting
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### Variables Not Replaced
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- Check exact name match
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- Verify `<template-output>` tag present
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- Ensure step generates the variable
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### Validation Fails
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- Review checklist specificity
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- Check for impossible requirements
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- Verify checklist matches template
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### Workflow Too Long
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- Combine related steps
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- Make sections optional
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- Reduce elicitation points
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### User Confusion
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- Add clearer step goals
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- Provide more examples
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- Explain section purpose
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---
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_For implementation details, see:_
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- `/src/core/tasks/workflow.md` - Execution engine
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- `/bmad/bmm/workflows/` - Production examples
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Reference in New Issue
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